Data
The dataset for this study consists of ABMI monitoring sites where transcribed ARU data and tagged camera data were available between May 1 and June 30 2015-2022 (n = 2510).
Bioacoustic data (ARU)
At each ABMI monitoring location (n = 2510), 1-36, 1-miunte sound recordings were listened to by bird experts who identified species by their vocalizations. Each bird species that was detected by the expert was tagged once during the 1-minute recording. The resulting data can be used to estimate occupancy metrics using presence/absence of species data at each site.
Camera data
Remote camera data from each ABMI site (millions of images) were first analyzed using Microsoft MegaDetector, a machine learning platform that automatically identifies animals in images. Images containing animals were then processed by human observers who validated and tagged animals species. The data for this study were drawn camera data between May 1 - June 30 in the year that the bioacoustic data were analyzed. A site was said to have cattle present if any number of cattle were detected on the camera at any point between May 1 - June 30.
Bioacoustic data (ARU)
At each ABMI monitoring location (n = 2510), 1-36, 1-miunte sound recordings were listened to by bird experts who identified species by their vocalizations. Each bird species that was detected by the expert was tagged once during the 1-minute recording. The resulting data can be used to estimate occupancy metrics using presence/absence of species data at each site.
Camera data
Remote camera data from each ABMI site (millions of images) were first analyzed using Microsoft MegaDetector, a machine learning platform that automatically identifies animals in images. Images containing animals were then processed by human observers who validated and tagged animals species. The data for this study were drawn camera data between May 1 - June 30 in the year that the bioacoustic data were analyzed. A site was said to have cattle present if any number of cattle were detected on the camera at any point between May 1 - June 30.